One of the primary critiques of the Indian Act that I hear from First Nations peoples is that it artificially imposed an executive structure on all First Nations bands that didn't necessarily exist previously or wasn't part of their traditional methods of governance. So aside from transplanting tribes far from their original homes and settling them on reservations flung across the Canadian north in the most inhospitable territory, they also set up a system in which individuals or families could (mis)manage the meager finances of these tribes to their own benefit, occasionally living affluently as corrupt mini tinpot dictators.
Furthermore, the payments by the Federal government (technically the Crown) to First Nations as agreed upon settlements from treaty negotiations (sometimes dating back over a century) are misunderstood in common popular culture as "welfare payments."
So the sum total of Federal policy towards First Nations people has been 1. to re-settle them in obscure, isolated, and inhospitable locations, 2. impose a frequently alien and corrupt system of local administration, 3. characterize their subsequent problems as a consequence of internal failures of self-governance, 4. tacitly imply that these failures are due to "laziness," 5. insist that opportunities (e.g. higher education) are readily available, if only you're willing to move a thousand miles way from everybody you know to an urban environment you are unfamiliar with and in which you may experience substantial racial discrimination, and 6. what local Federal government contact that First Nations do routinely encounter consists of RCMP who arrest them, and the staff of Residential Schools, who are infamous for their physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as their (historical) curriculum of blatant racism and cultural genocide.
The only "consolation" that a rabid Canadian nationalist could employ to defend this legacy would be to observe that the US and Australian treatment of indigenous populations was just slightly worse.
Not to characterize all First Nations as passive victims. They have a large number of effective and determined advocates, especially in the legal field.