Ibrahim,
Obviously this is a bigger subject than can be done justice by sound bites. But briefly said and in the order of your post, see
Out Of Revolution by Rosenstock-Huessy for an account of how the Reformation gave birth to the Enlightenment.
Second, America at the end of the 18th century was the product of Enlightenment ideas in a way that America of the 17th century was not. There were no Roman Catholics, Anabaptists, or Deists on the Mayflower. See Tocqueville for an account of New England's influence on the formation of the American political system.
The Reformed Faith/Calvinism brought a whole different set of presuppositions to the table that were not available to either Roman Catholics or Orthodox Christians, chief of which, but not limited to, were freedom of the individual conscience and Post-millennial eschatology. Again I suggest Tocqueville for an analysis of how Calvinism in the north was formational to a different sort of social order than was obtained in the South where Roman Catholicism was more prevalent.
For a primer on Natural law as it relates to Christianity, take a look at
Written On The Heart by J. Budziszewski.
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"Full of shit as a Christmas goose" refers, not to the goose cooked, but to the heavy feeding given the goose preparatory to the Christmas dinner. A Christmas goose was full of shit because it was fed and fed and fed. Hope that helps you non-rural types.
